What are the main components of a conventional septic system?

A conventional septic system primarily consists of a septic tank and a drain field, which work together to process and dispose of wastewater from residential sources.

The septic tank serves as the initial container where solid waste settles at the bottom, forming sludge, while lighter materials like grease float to the top, forming scum. This separation allows for the effective breakdown of waste through anaerobic bacteria, which helps to treat the effluent before it exits the tank.

The effluent then flows into the drain field, also known as a leach field, where it is further treated by the soil. This field is designed to disperse the effluent into the ground, allowing for natural filtration and microbial action to break down remaining contaminants before they enter the groundwater system. The combination of these two components is essential for a functional and effective septic system, ensuring the safe and proper disposal of wastewater.

In contrast, the other options describe components or systems that are not typical of a conventional septic system. For example, a pumping station may be involved in certain systems but is not a fundamental component of the conventional setup. Similarly, holding tanks and treatment plants refer to alternative wastewater management systems, while a reservoir does not relate to the standard functioning of septic systems.