What is the primary function of a septic tank?

The primary function of a septic tank is to store wastewater for treatment. When wastewater from a household flows into the septic tank, it provides a space for solids to settle and separate from the liquids. The tank holds the wastewater long enough for the solids to decompose through anaerobic bacteria action, which reduces the volume of waste and helps in the initial treatment process. Water that is not retained becomes effluent, which eventually flows into a drain field for further filtration and treatment in the soil.

This process is crucial for maintaining a safe and effective sanitation system, especially in areas without access to centralized sewer systems. The design and function of a septic tank are tailored to treat household wastewater efficiently, preventing contaminants from entering the environment. Therefore, storing wastewater is the fundamental role of a septic tank, making it essential for both health and environmental safety.